化学类别 | 组 | 分子式 | 结构式 | 前缀 | 后缀 | 例子 |
Acyl halide | 酰基 Haloformyl | RCOX |
| haloformyl- | -oyl halide |  Acetyl chloride (Ethanoyl chloride)
|
酒精 Alcohol | 羟基 Hydroxyl | ROH |
| hydroxy- | -ol |  Methanol
甲醇 |
醛 Aldehyde | 醛 Aldehyde | RCHO |
| aldo- | -al |  Acetaldehyde (Ethanal)
|
烷 Alkane | 烷 Alkyl | RH |
| alkyl- | -ane |  Methane
甲烷 |
烯 Alkene | 烯 Alkenyl | R2C=CR2 |
| alkenyl- | -ene |  Ethylene
乙烯 (Ethene) |
炔 Alkyne | 炔 Alkynyl | RC≡CR' |
| alkynyl- | -yne |  Acetylene (Ethyne)
乙炔 |
氨基化合物 Amide | 酰胺 Carboxamide | RCONR2 |
| carboxamido- | -amide |  Acetamide (Ethanamide)
|
氨 Amines | Primary amine | RNH2 |
| amino- | -amine |  Methylamine
甲胺 (Methanamine) |
Secondary amine | R2NH |
| amino- | -amine |  Dimethylamine
二甲胺 |
Tertiary amine | R3N |
| amino- | -amine |  Trimethylamine
|
4° ammonium ion | R4N+ |
| ammonio- | -ammonium |  Choline
维生素B |
叠氮 Azide | 叠氮 Azide | RN3 |
| azido- | alkyl azide |  Phenyl azide (Azidobenzene)
|
偶氮 Azo compound | 偶氮 Azo (Diimide) | RN2R' |
| azo- | -diazene |  Methyl orange (p-dimethylamino-azobenzenesulfonic acid)
|
甲苯 Toluene derivative | 甲苯基 (苄基) Benzyl | RCH2C6H5 RBn |
| benzyl- | 1-(substituent)toluene |  Benzyl bromide (1-Bromotoluene)
1-溴甲苯 |
碳酸盐 Carbonate | 碳酸盐 Carbonate ester | ROCOOR |
|
| alkyl carbonate |
|
羧酸盐 Carboxylate | 羧酸盐 Carboxylate | RCOO− |
| carboxy- | -oate |  Sodium acetate (Sodium ethanoate)
|
羧基 Carboxylic acid | 羧基 Carboxyl | RCOOH |
| carboxy- | -oic acid |  Acetic acid (Ethanoic acid)
|
氰酸盐 Cyanates | Cyanate | ROCN |
| cyanato- | alkyl cyanate |
|
Thiocyanate | RSCN |
| thiocyanato- | alkyl thiocyanate |
|
二硫化物 Disulfide | Disulfide | RSSR' |
|
| alkyl alkyl disulfide |  Cystamine (2,2'-Dithiobis(ethylamine))
|
醚 Ether | 醚 Ether | ROR' |
| alkoxy- | alkyl alkyl ether |  Diethyl ether (Ethoxyethane)
|
酯 Ester | 酯 Ester | RCOOR' |
|
| alkyl alkanoate |  Ethyl butyrate (Ethyl butanoate)
|
Haloalkane | Halo | RX |
| halo- | alkyl halide |  Chloroethane (Ethyl chloride)
|
过氧化氢物 Hydroperoxide | 过氧化氢物 Hydroperoxy | ROOH |
| hydroperoxy- | alkyl hydroperoxide |  Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
|
亚胺 Imine | Primary ketimine | RC(=NH)R' |
| imino- | -imine |
|
Secondary ketimine | RC(=NR)R' |
| imino- | -imine |
|
Primary aldimine | RC(=NH)H |
| imino- | -imine |
|
Secondary aldimine | RC(=NR')H |
| imino- | -imine |
|
酰亚胺 Imide | 酰亚胺 Imide | RC(=O)NC(=O)R' |
| imido- | -imide |
|
异氰化物 Isocyanide | Isocyanide | RNC |
| isocyano- | alkyl isocyanide |
|
异氰化盐 Isocyanates | Isocyanate | RNCO |
| isocyanato- | alkyl isocyanate |  Methyl isocyanate
|
Isothiocyanate | RNCS |
| isothiocyanato- | alkyl isothiocyanate |  Allyl isothiocyanate
|
酮 Ketone | 羧 Carbonyl | RCOR' |
| keto-, oxo- | -one |  Methyl ethyl ketone (Butanone)
|
硝酸盐 Nitrate | 硝酸盐 Nitrate | RONO2 |
| nitrooxy-, nitroxy- | alkyl nitrate |  Amyl nitrate (1-nitrooxypentane)
|
Nitrile | Nitrile | RCN |
| cyano- | alkanenitrile alkyl cyanide |  Benzonitrile
苯甲精 (Phenyl cyanide) |
亚硝酸盐 Nitrite | 亚硝酸盐 Nitrosooxy | RONO |
| nitrosooxy- | alkyl nitrite |  Amyl nitrite (3-methyl-1-nitrosooxybutane)
|
Nitro compound | 硝基 Nitro | RNO2 |
| nitro- | |  Nitromethane
硝基甲烷 |
Nitroso compound | 亚硝基 Nitroso | RNO |
| nitroso- | |  Nitrosobenzene
亚硝基苯 |
过氧化物 Peroxide | Peroxy | ROOR |
| peroxy- | alkyl peroxide |  Di-tert-butyl peroxide
|
Benzene derivative | 苯基 Phenyl | RC6H5 |
| phenyl- | -benzene |  Cumene (2-phenylpropane)
|
Phosphine | Phosphino | R3P |
| phosphino- | -phosphane |  Methylpropylphosphane
|
Phosphodiester | 磷酸盐 Phosphate | HOPO(OR)2 |
| phosphoric acid di(substituent) ester | di(substituent) hydrogenphosphate | DNA |
Phosphonic acid | Phosphono | RP(=O)(OH)2 |
| phosphono- | substituent phosphonic acid |  Benzylphosphonic acid
|
Phosphate | Phosph ate | ROP(=O)(OH)2 |
| phospho- |
|  Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
|
Pyridine derivative | 氮苯环 吡啶 Pyridyl | RC5H4N | 

| 4-pyridyl (pyridin-4-yl)
3-pyridyl (pyridin-3-yl)
2-pyridyl (pyridin-2-yl) | -pyridine |  Nicotine
盐碱 |
硫化物 Sulfide |
| RSR' |
|
| di(substituent) sulfide |  Dimethyl sulfide
|
Sulfone | Sulfonyl | RSO2R' |
| sulfonyl- | di(substituent) sulfone |  Dimethyl sulfone (Methylsulfonylmethane)
|
Sulfonic acid | 磺酸基 Sulfo | RSO3H |
| sulfo- | substituent sulfonic acid |  Benzenesulfonic acid
苯环酸 |
Sulfoxide | Sulfinyl | RSOR' |
| sulfinyl- | di(substituent) sulfoxide |  Diphenyl sulfoxide
|
Thiol | 巯基 氢硫基 Sulfhydryl | RSH |
| mercapto-, sulfanyl- | -thiol |  Ethanethiol
乙硫醇 (Ethyl mercaptan) |
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