官能团大全

From Wikipeida

收集：Azrle

化学类别	组	分子式	结构式	前缀	后缀	例子
Acyl halide	酰基 Haloformyl	RCOX		haloformyl-	-oyl halide	Acetyl chloride (Ethanoyl chloride)
酒精 Alcohol	羟基 Hydroxyl	ROH		hydroxy-	-ol	Methanol 甲醇
醛 Aldehyde	醛 Aldehyde	RCHO		aldo-	-al	Acetaldehyde (Ethanal)
烷 Alkane	烷 Alkyl	RH		alkyl-	-ane	Methane 甲烷
烯 Alkene	烯 Alkenyl	R2C=CR2		alkenyl-	-ene	Ethylene 乙烯 (Ethene)
炔 Alkyne	炔 Alkynyl	RC≡CR'		alkynyl-	-yne	Acetylene (Ethyne) 乙炔
氨基化合物 Amide	酰胺 Carboxamide	RCONR2		carboxamido-	-amide	Acetamide (Ethanamide)
氨 Amines	Primary amine	RNH2		amino-	-amine	Methylamine 甲胺 (Methanamine)
	Secondary amine	R2NH		amino-	-amine	Dimethylamine 二甲胺
	Tertiary amine	R3N		amino-	-amine	Trimethylamine
	4° ammonium ion	R4N+		ammonio-	-ammonium	Choline 维生素B
叠氮 Azide	叠氮 Azide	RN3		azido-	alkyl azide	Phenyl azide (Azidobenzene)
偶氮 Azo compound	偶氮 Azo (Diimide)	RN2R'		azo-	-diazene	Methyl orange (p-dimethylamino-azobenzenesulfonic acid)
甲苯 Toluene derivative	甲苯基 （苄基） Benzyl	RCH2C6H5 RBn		benzyl-	1-(substituent)toluene	Benzyl bromide (1-Bromotoluene) 1-溴甲苯
碳酸盐 Carbonate	碳酸盐 Carbonate ester	ROCOOR			alkyl carbonate
羧酸盐 Carboxylate	羧酸盐 Carboxylate	RCOO−		carboxy-	-oate	Sodium acetate (Sodium ethanoate)
羧基 Carboxylic acid	羧基 Carboxyl	RCOOH		carboxy-	-oic acid	Acetic acid (Ethanoic acid)
氰酸盐 Cyanates	Cyanate	ROCN		cyanato-	alkyl cyanate
	Thiocyanate	RSCN		thiocyanato-	alkyl thiocyanate
二硫化物 Disulfide	Disulfide	RSSR'			alkyl alkyl disulfide	Cystamine (2,2'-Dithiobis(ethylamine))
醚 Ether	醚 Ether	ROR'		alkoxy-	alkyl alkyl ether	Diethyl ether (Ethoxyethane)
酯 Ester	酯 Ester	RCOOR'			alkyl alkanoate	Ethyl butyrate (Ethyl butanoate)
Haloalkane	Halo	RX		halo-	alkyl halide	Chloroethane (Ethyl chloride)
过氧化氢物 Hydroperoxide	过氧化氢物 Hydroperoxy	ROOH		hydroperoxy-	alkyl hydroperoxide	Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
亚胺 Imine	Primary ketimine	RC(=NH)R'		imino-	-imine
	Secondary ketimine	RC(=NR)R'		imino-	-imine
	Primary aldimine	RC(=NH)H		imino-	-imine
	Secondary aldimine	RC(=NR')H		imino-	-imine
酰亚胺 Imide	酰亚胺 Imide	RC(=O)NC(=O)R'		imido-	-imide
异氰化物 Isocyanide	Isocyanide	RNC		isocyano-	alkyl isocyanide
异氰化盐 Isocyanates	Isocyanate	RNCO		isocyanato-	alkyl isocyanate	Methyl isocyanate
	Isothiocyanate	RNCS		isothiocyanato-	alkyl isothiocyanate	Allyl isothiocyanate
酮 Ketone	羧 Carbonyl	RCOR'		keto-, oxo-	-one	Methyl ethyl ketone (Butanone)
硝酸盐 Nitrate	硝酸盐 Nitrate	RONO2		nitrooxy-, nitroxy-	alkyl nitrate	Amyl nitrate (1-nitrooxypentane)
Nitrile	Nitrile	RCN		cyano-	alkanenitrile alkyl cyanide	Benzonitrile 苯甲精 (Phenyl cyanide)
亚硝酸盐 Nitrite	亚硝酸盐 Nitrosooxy	RONO		nitrosooxy-	alkyl nitrite	Amyl nitrite (3-methyl-1-nitrosooxybutane)
Nitro compound	硝基 Nitro	RNO2		nitro-		Nitromethane 硝基甲烷
Nitroso compound	亚硝基 Nitroso	RNO		nitroso-		Nitrosobenzene 亚硝基苯
过氧化物 Peroxide	Peroxy	ROOR		peroxy-	alkyl peroxide	Di-tert-butyl peroxide
Benzene derivative	苯基 Phenyl	RC6H5		phenyl-	-benzene	Cumene (2-phenylpropane)
Phosphine	Phosphino	R3P		phosphino-	-phosphane	Methylpropylphosphane
Phosphodiester	磷酸盐 Phosphate	HOPO(OR)2		phosphoric acid di(substituent) ester	di(substituent) hydrogenphosphate	DNA
Phosphonic acid	Phosphono	RP(=O)(OH)2		phosphono-	substituent phosphonic acid	Benzylphosphonic acid
Phosphate	Phosph ate	ROP(=O)(OH)2		phospho-		Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Pyridine derivative	氮苯环 吡啶 Pyridyl	RC5H4N		4-pyridyl (pyridin-4-yl) 3-pyridyl (pyridin-3-yl) 2-pyridyl (pyridin-2-yl)	-pyridine	Nicotine 盐碱
硫化物 Sulfide		RSR'			di(substituent) sulfide	Dimethyl sulfide
Sulfone	Sulfonyl	RSO2R'		sulfonyl-	di(substituent) sulfone	Dimethyl sulfone (Methylsulfonylmethane)
Sulfonic acid	磺酸基 Sulfo	RSO3H		sulfo-	substituent sulfonic acid	Benzenesulfonic acid 苯环酸
Sulfoxide	Sulfinyl	RSOR'		sulfinyl-	di(substituent) sulfoxide	Diphenyl sulfoxide
Thiol	巯基 氢硫基 Sulfhydryl	RSH		mercapto-, sulfanyl-	-thiol	Ethanethiol 乙硫醇 (Ethyl mercaptan)